In vitro Study of the Survival, Reproduction and Morphology of Daphnia pulicaria irradiated with a Low Energy Laser

F.  Zaldivar; J.  Montoya; S.  Gonzalez; L. A.  Mandujano; J. F.  Mendez-Sanchez; L.  Romero; J.  Mulia; M.  Paulin; D.  Osorio-Gonzalez

doi:10.15415/jnp.2018.61019

Authors

F. Zaldivar Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
J. Montoya Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
S. Gonzalez Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
L. A. Mandujano Molecular Biophysical Modeling and Design Laboratory, Mexiquense University, S. C
J. F. Mendez-Sanchez Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
L. Romero Laboratory of Nanothermodynamics and Complex Systems of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
J. Mulia Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico
M. Paulin Academic Division of Basic Sciences, Juarez University Autonomous of Tabasco, Mexico
D. Osorio-Gonzalez Molecular Biophysics Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Mexico

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2018.61019

Keywords:

Daphnia, laser irradiation, morphology

Abstract

Daphnia is a genus of crustaceans that is representative of freshwater communities. The species exhibit a high sensitivity to a wide range of toxic compounds so that they have been used internationally as biomonitors in toxicity tests to evaluate ecosystem conditions such as water quality. It is also a model genus in genetics, epigenetics and reproductive ecology. In this work, we used Daphnia pulicaria as a model to measure the effects of low-energy laser irradiation on survival, reproduction, and morphology variables of parental organisms and their offspring. We used (1) a single clone line of organisms to eliminate interindividual genetic variability; (2) individuals from more than 50 generations after the clone line was established, and offspring from the third brood onwards to dissipate maternal and epigenetic effects, and (3) neonates, those individuals of the species that have less than 48 hours of life, because they are the most sensitive stage to optical stimuli. We analyzed number of deaths, longevity, age at first reproduction, number of offspring per week, number of total offspring during all their life cycle, body size, size of the antennules, and length of the apical spine of the 4th and 5th brood of the irradiated individuals, who were exposed to a blue laser stimulus of 405 nm for 25 minutes with a power of 40 mW at a distance of 50 cm, compared to those of the control (non-irradiated) group.

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